Grammar Concepts

Present Tense — Regular Verbs

Regular -AR, -ER, -IR verb conjugation in the present tense

IR + a + Infinitive — Near Future

Express future plans using ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)

Reflexive Verbs — Daily Routine

Verbs where the action reflects back on the subject (despertarse, ducharse, vestirse, etc.)

Gustar & Affective Verbs

Verbs that work backwards: the thing liked is the subject (me gusta, me encanta, me molesta, etc.)

Demonstrative Adjectives

Este/ese/aquel — this/that/that over there, with gender and number agreement

SER for Descriptions

Using ser to describe permanent/inherent qualities of things and people

Gender & Number Agreement

Adjectives and articles must match the noun in gender (m/f) and number (sg/pl)

Telling Time

¿Qué hora es? Son las dos. Es la una. A las tres.

Common Prepositions

a, de, en, con, sin, para, por, desde, hasta, entre

Key Irregular Verbs — Present Tense

ir, tener, querer, hacer, poder, salir, volver, cerrar and their patterns

Common Adjectives — Opposites

Essential descriptor pairs: grande/pequeño, caro/barato, bueno/malo, etc.

Weather Expressions

Hace calor, hace frío, está lloviendo — talking about weather

Fluency Markers & Connectors

Filler words and connectors that make speech sound natural: pues, bueno, entonces, o sea

House Objects & Rooms

Common household items and the verbs associated with them

Restaurant Dialogue Patterns

Key phrases for ordering food, asking for the bill, and restaurant small talk